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;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx¿sf] ljwfg tyf sfo{of]hgf tof/L / kl/dfh{g
;fd'bflos jg ;d"xsf] ljwfg tof/L / sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / ;dfj]lzs/0f k|lqmof dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ljwfgn] ;d"x / ;ldlt u7g tyf To;sf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/x¿sf af/]df k|sfz kfb{5 . sfo{of]hgfn] jg Joj:yfkg / k|of]usf tf}/tl/sfsf] af/]df l;kmfl/; ub{5 . oL b:tfj]hx¿n] ;/sf/ -lhNnf jg sfof{no_ / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] aLrdf ;fd'bflos jgsf] ;+/If0f Joj:yfkg, / lbuf] k|of]u ug{sf nflu cflwsfl/s ;Demf}tfnfO{ d"t{?k lbG5g\ .
dlxnf nufot k5f8L kfl/Psf ju{sf] ;zlQms/0f
g]kfndf dlxnf nufot k5f8L kfl/Psf ju{sf] dfgj >f]tsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ cem;Dd klg /fd|f];“u cfTd;ft ul/Psf] 5}g . lkt[;TtfTds k/Dk/f, hftLo p“rgL+r, lje]bsf/L sfg"gx¿, ;dfhdf cflbjf;L tyf hghftLsf] ;fdflhs c;dfa]lzs/0f / u/LjL Ps cfk;df ldn]sf sf/0f dlxnf nufPt k5f8L ju{x¿sf cjfh / 5gf}6 b'j} ;Lldt ePsf 5g\ . :yfgLo pkef]QmfnfO{ ;fd'bflos jgsf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf x:tfGt/0f ug{sf nflu pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/Lsf] k|i6 hfgsf/L x'g'k5{ . pkef]Qmf ;d"xdf ljleGg k|sf/sf JolQmx¿ ;dfj]z x'G5g\ . :jefljs ?kdf oL pkef]Qmfx¿sf] JolQmut ;Dklt km/s – km/s x'G5 h;sf sf/0f ;fd'bflos jgdf e/ kg]{ pkef]Qmfx¿sf] k|s[lt ;d]t km/s – km/s x'G5 / 5 klg . g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBdfg /x]sf k/Dk/fut ju{, txtKsf / cGo k|sf/sf lje]bnfO{ Wofg lb+b} ljleGg k|sf/sf pkef]Qmfx¿ ljz]ift — dlxnf, ul/j, blnt, e"ldlxg, cflbjf;L tyf hghftL — sf] ;zlQms/0fsf dfWodjf6 >f]tdfly pgLx¿sf] Goflos kx'“r, Goflos ljt/0f / Goflos lgoGq0f ug]{ k2ltsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . km]sf]kmg o; lbzfdf ;b}j nflu/x]sf] 5 .
u}/ sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] ljsf; tyf cfod"ns sfo{qmd
jgdf cfwfl/t ljleGg u}/ sfi7 jg k}bfjf/x¿, d'Votof hl8a'6Lx¿n], u|fld0f hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ dfly p7fpg ;S5g\ . g]kfnsf] w]/} efu ljz]if u/L pRr kxf8 / dWo kxf8L If]q o:tf dxTjk"0f{ u}/ sfi7 jg k}bfjf/n] wgL 5g\ . ;+sns, ljt/s / pTkfbgstf{sf] aLrdf ahfl/s/0f / ;fdfu|L ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf :yfkgf ePsf] ;DaGwsf sf/0f s]lx u}/ sfi7 jg k}bfjf/x¿ Joj;flos ?kdf kmfObfhgs 5g\ . t/klg, cfw'lgs k|ljlw / k"“lhsf] cefj, clws s/ tyf /fhZj, :yfgLo ;+snsn] kfpg] cltsd kmfObfn] ubf{ w]/}h;f] u}/ sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] ;DefJo k|ltkmnnfO{ gh/cGbfh ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] u}/ sfi7 jg k}bfjf/sf] ;+/If0f / lbuf] k|of]udf ePsf] k|of;nfO{ cjd"Nog ub{5 .
jsfnt
/fli6«o tyf :yfgLo :t/df jg pkef]Qmf / ltgsf ;/f]sf/x¿sf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+u7g km]sf]kmgsf] s]Gb|Lo efu jsfnt xf] . km]sf]kmgn] ;f+;bx¿ tyf :yfgLo sd{rf/Lx¿;“u nljË, ;+rf/sdL{ / /fhgLltsdL{x¿nfO{ ;'rgfsf] hfgsf/L u/fP/ pkef]Qmfx¿sf] jg Joj:yfkg / T;dflysf] clwsf/nfO{ jg;“u ;DaGwLt gLltx¿df zdfj]z u/L T;;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu jsfnt ub{5 . o;sf;fy} o;n] jg P]g, lgod nufPt ;du| sfg"gdf ePsf k|fjwfgx¿sf jf/]df pkef]Qmf ;d"xleq hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf ;fy} ;'zf;g / ;dtf h:tf ;/f]sf/x¿nfO{ ;d"xleq k|of]udf Nofpgsf] nflu ;d]t sfd ub{5 .
/]l8of] tyf l6le sfo{qmd
/]l8of] / l6le sfo{qmd ljleGg efusf hgtf;Dd ;'rgf k'¥ofpg;Sg] pko'Qm k|ljlw x'g\ . ;fd'bflos jg ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx¿, jt{dfg lqmofsnfkx¿ / cleofgx¿ /]l8of] / l6le sfo{qmdjf6 k|;f/0f eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] jg pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf ;/f]sf/x¿, cg'ejx¿ / ljrf/x¿ Ps cfk;df cfbfg k|bfg ug{] cfwf/ pknAw u/fp“g'sf ;fy} gLlt lgdf{tf, pkef]Qmf, kqsf/, dfgj clwsf/sdL{, ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, ;f+;b tyf /fhgLltsdL{x¿sf aLrdf Jofks 5nkmn rnfp“g] sfd u/]sf] 5 . km]sf]kmg / d]l8of 8]enKd]G6 ;]G6/sf] ;Do'Qm kxndf ;]K6]Dj/ @))% b]lv ;fd'bflos jg k}/jL cleofg /]l8of] sfo{qmd k|;f/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd k|Tos dlxgfsf] klxnf] / clGtd a'wjf/ g]kfn /fHoe/ ljleGg Pkm Pd Z6];gx¿ dfkm{t k|;f/0f x'G5 . o;}u/L g]kfn Pkm Pdjf6 ;d]t ;fd'bflos jg ;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf] k|zf/0f x'G5 .
oL /]l8of] sfo{qmdx¿ tnsf /]l8of] Z6];gx¿jf6 k|;f/0f x'G5M
- Od]h Pkm Pd, sf7df8f}+, a]n'sf ^M#) ah]
- sflnsf Pkm Pd, lrtjg, a]n'sf ^M#) ah]
- j'6jn Pkm Pd, a'6jn, a]n'sf ^M#) ah]
- /]l8of] t'lN;k'/, bfË, a]n'sf ^M#) ah]
- jfu]Zj/L Pkm Pd, g]kfnu+h, a]n'sf ^M#) ah]
- /]l8of] lj/u+h, lj/u+h, a]n'sf &M)) ah]
- g]kfn Pkm Pd, sf7df8f}+, zlgjf/ laxfg *M)) ah]
/]l8of] ;'Gg'xf];\
km]sf]kmg / g]kfn jftfj/0f kqsf/ ;d"xsf] ;Do'Qm kxndf ;]K6]Dj/ @))% b]lv ;fd'bflos jg k}/jL cleofg Rofgn g]kfn, Pgl6le / sflGtk'/ 6]lnlehgsf] cf“lv¤ofn sfo{qmd dfkm{t k|;f/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd k|Tos !% lbgdf o; k|sf/ k|zf/0f x'G5 .
Rofgn g]kfnM d+unjf/ a]n'sf & ah]
sflGtk'/ l6leM ;f]djf/ j]n'sf (M#) ah], ljlxjf/ lbp;f] @ jh] / ;'qmjf/ ljxfg &M#) jh]
l6le x]g'{xf];\
>f]t s]Gb|
km]sf]kmgsf ;b:o nufPt /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o cg';Gwfgstf{ / ljBfyL{x¿sf cfj:ostfnfO{ Wofg lbO{ ;g\ @))@ df km]sf]kmgdf Pp6f >f]t s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] . of] s]Gb|n] ;fd'bflos jg ;DaGwL ;fdfu|Lx¿sf] k|sfzg tyf ;+sng ug]{ sfd ub{5 . s]Gb|n] ePsf ;fdfu|Lx¿ dWo] b'O{ k|lt cfkm";“u /fvL af“ls k|lt km]sf]kmgsf lhNnf zfvfx¿df ljt/0f ub{5 . >f]t s]Gb|n] cl8of] lel8of] ;fdfu|Lx¿ ;+sng ub{5 / ePsf cWoog ;fdfu|Lx¿ tflndx¿sf nflu pknAw u/fp“5 . l;l8P; ;km\6jo/ / 8]jL 8]l;dn k|lqmofsf] cfwf/df >f]t s]Qb|nfO{ Jojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 .
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